翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ Particle zoo ・ Particle-beam weapon ・ Particle-in-cell ・ Particle-induced X-ray emission ・ Particle-laden flows ・ Particle-size distribution ・ ParticleIllusion ・ Particles of Truth ・ Particolored flying squirrel ・ Particoloured ・ Particracy ・ Particular ・ Particular Church ・ Particular judgment ・ Particular point topology ・ Particular social group ・ Particular values of Riemann zeta function ・ Particular values of the Gamma function ・ Particularism ・ Particularly Dangerous Situation ・ Particularly vulnerable tribal group ・ Particulate (disambiguation) ・ Particulate inheritance ・ Particulate matter sampler ・ Particulate pollution ・ Particulates ・ Partido ・ Partido (Camarines Sur) ・ Partido Abe Kapampangan ・ Partido Acción Ciudadana Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Particular social group ： ウィキペディア英語版 Particular social group Particular social group (PSG) is one of five categories that may be used to claim refugee status according to two key United Nations documents: the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and the 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees. The other four categories are race, religion, nationality, and political opinion. As the most ambiguous and open-ended of the categories, the PSG category has been the subject of considerable debate and controversy in refugee law.〔(【引用サイトリンク】GUIDELINES ON INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION: "Membership of a particular social group" within the context of Article 1A(2) of the 1951 Convention and/or its 1967 Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees )〕 Note that just as with the other four categories, membership in a PSG is not sufficient grounds for being granted refugee status. Rather, to be granted refugee status, one must both demonstrate membership in one of the five categories (race, religion, nationality, particular political opinion, and particular social group) and a ''nexus'' between that membership and persecution one is facing or risks facing.〔(【引用サイトリンク】Asylum Eligibility Part Three: Nexus and the Five Protected Characteristics )〕 PSG determination is part of the general refugee determination process in most countries that are signatories to the 1951 Convention. In particular, these decisions are made by the immigration bureaucracies, immigration courts, and the general courts (to which immigration decisions may need to be appealed). Past decisions create guidelines and precedents for future decisions in the same country. In general, decisions in one country do not create precedents for decisions in other countries, but there is some influence through the influence on periodically updated UNHCR guidelines and through lawyers' use of these cases. Two particularly seminal decisions influencing PSG determination worldwide have been ''Matter of Acosta'' (1985, United States), ''Ward'' (1993, Canada). Examples of PSGs identified in various countries include women (and various subsets thereof), homosexuals and others with non-mainstream sexual orientations, specific families, and the poor.〔 == United Nations documents == In 2002, the United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) published updated guidance for the interpretation of the PSG category.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Particular social group」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.